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<title>Spec script</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Spec script</span></span>

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<p>A <b>spec script</b>, also known as a <b>speculative screenplay</b>, is a non-commissioned and unsolicited <a href="Screenplay" title="Screenplay">screenplay</a>. It is usually written by a <a href="Screenwriter" title="Screenwriter">screenwriter</a> who hopes to have the script <a href="Option_(filmmaking)" title="Option (filmmaking)">optioned</a> and eventually purchased by a <a href="Film_producer" title="Film producer">producer</a>, <a href="Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">production</a> company, or <a href="Movie_studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Movie studio">studio</a>.

</p><p>Spec scripts which have gone on to win <a href="Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> include <i><a href="Thelma_%26_Louise" title="Thelma & Louise">Thelma & Louise</a></i> (sold by <a href="Callie_Khouri" title="Callie Khouri">Callie Khouri</a> to <a href="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> for US$500,000 in 1990), <i><a href="Good_Will_Hunting" title="Good Will Hunting">Good Will Hunting</a></i> (sold by <a href="Matt_Damon" title="Matt Damon">Matt Damon</a> and <a href="Ben_Affleck" title="Ben Affleck">Ben Affleck</a> to <a href="Miramax" title="Miramax">Miramax</a> for US$675,000 in 1994), and <i><a href="American_Beauty_(1999_film)" title="American Beauty (1999 film)">American Beauty</a></i> (sold by <a href="Alan_Ball_(screenwriter)" title="Alan Ball (screenwriter)">Alan Ball</a> to <a href="DreamWorks_Pictures" title="DreamWorks Pictures">DreamWorks Pictures</a> for US$250,000 in 1998),<sup id="cite_ref-Vanityfair_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vanityfair-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which all won the <a href="Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay">Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay</a>.

</p><p>A spec script reads differently from a shooting script or production script in that it focuses more on the <a href="Storytelling" title="Storytelling">storytelling</a> itself, while focus on <a href="Cinematography" title="Cinematography">cinematography</a> and other directing aspects should rarely, if ever, be used. <a href="Videography" title="Videography">Videographic</a> and technical directions are often added in the later drafts. The sole purpose of a spec script, also called a <em>selling script</em>, is to showcase a screenwriter's talent of telling a story through action and dialogue.<sup id="cite_ref-bible_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bible-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Spec scripts are often written by unknown screenwriters looking to prove their storytelling ability and make a name for themselves in the film industry.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>In 1933, <a href="Preston_Sturges" title="Preston Sturges">Preston Sturges</a> is believed to have sold the first spec script in Hollywood history. Fox bought <i><a href="The_Power_and_the_Glory_(1933_film)" title="The Power and the Glory (1933 film)">The Power and the Glory</a></i> for US$17,500 plus back-end revenue. The movie did poorly at the box office.<sup id="cite_ref-Vanityfair_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vanityfair-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 2014 the film was selected for preservation in the <a href="National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a>.

</p><p>Spec scripts have not always held as much cachet in the business as they do now. <a href="Ernest_Lehman" title="Ernest Lehman">Ernest Lehman</a> describes how his original script for the 1959 film <i><a href="North_by_Northwest" title="North by Northwest">North by Northwest</a></i> was unusual at that point in his career:

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</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Originals were not smiled upon in those days, believe it or not. There was <i>very</i> little interest in originals in those days. [...] Studios, distributors wanted the assurance of someone else having thought a property worth publishing [...] In those days, if you went to a party in the Hollywood community and somebody would ask, "What are you working on, Ernie?" and you replied, "I'm doing an original now," the response would be "Oh." [...] Like they were a little embarrassed [...] If you were working on something that you were going to create all by yourself, they'd secretly think, "He's in bad shape. Working on an original." That definitely was the climate at one time in this town.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote>

<p>In the late 1960s, <a href="William_Goldman" title="William Goldman">William Goldman</a> sold his spec script <i><a href="Butch_Cassidy_and_the_Sundance_Kid" title="Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid">Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid</a></i> to <a href="20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> for US$400,000 in a studio bidding war. The script went on to win the <a href="Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay">Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay</a>. This event precipitated a rise in screenwriters writing on spec.<sup id="cite_ref-Vanityfair_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vanityfair-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attracting_producers">Attracting producers</h2></div>

<p>If the writer of a spec script has an agent, the agent will identify a number of prospective buyers who may range from small independent producers to executives working in the major studios, and attempt to build up "heat" under the script. The script may be sent out simultaneously to all the prospective buyers in the hope of attracting a bidding war.<sup id="cite_ref-bible_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bible-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>If the script sells, the writer may receive a payment of anything from a few tens of thousands of dollars to several million. The script may then be developed even further until it is "greenlit" – meaning it goes into production. If not, the script is sometimes dead in the water because it is now in the databases of the studios and development executives, and has been marked as having been "passed" on. There is the chance, however, a film that has not been greenlit could make <a href="Black_List_(survey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black List (survey)">The Black List</a> – "a list of the ten best unproduced specs."<sup id="cite_ref-bible_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bible-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>If a spec script is not picked up, but the writing is good, the screenwriter may be offered a writing assignment.<sup id="cite_ref-bible_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bible-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This could be a "development deal" – where a studio or producer asks a screenwriter to write another original script or adapt an idea or book into a screenplay.<sup id="cite_ref-foundations_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foundations-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Outside of the traditional route of finding an agent, there are a number of competitions that a screenwriter can enter, such as the <a href="Nicholl_Fellowships_in_Screenwriting" title="Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting">Nicholl Fellowship</a> or <a href="Final_Draft_(software)" title="Final Draft (software)">Final Draft's</a> Big Break Contest, among others. Another way a screenwriter could attract a producer is by paying a small fee and posting their screenplay on an "online posting." When using this service, a screenwriter posts their screenplay and after receiving feedback, if the screenplay is good, it will be posted to the service's main web site.<sup id="cite_ref-foundations_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foundations-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Screenwriter's_salary" class="mw-redirect" title="Screenwriter's salary">Screenwriter's salary</a></li>

<li><a href="Shooting_script" title="Shooting script">Shooting script</a></li>

<li><a href="Storyboard" title="Storyboard">Storyboard</a></li>

<li><a href="WGA_script_registration_service" title="WGA script registration service">WGA script registration service</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Dreams_on_Spec" title="Dreams on Spec">Dreams on Spec</a></i>, a 2007 documentary on screenwriting</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFHeidenry2013" class="citation magazine cs1">Heidenry, Margaret (March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vanityfair.com/hollywood/2013/03/will-spec-script-screenwriters-rise-again">"When the Spec Script Was King"</a>. <i><a href="Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a></i>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-bible-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bible_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bible_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bible_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bible_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTrottier2014" class="citation book cs1">Trottier, David R. (2014). <i>The screenwriter's bible: a complete guide to writing, formatting, and selling your script</i> (6th ed.). Silman-James Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781935247104</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBrady1981" class="citation book cs1">Brady, John (1981). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/craftofscreenwri00joh_2tu"><i>The Craft of the Screenwriter</i></a></span>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/craftofscreenwri00joh_2tu/page/204">204</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-foundations-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-foundations_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-foundations_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFField2005" class="citation book cs1">Field, Syd (2005). <i>Screenplay : the foundations of screenwriting</i> (Rev. ed.). Delta Trade Paperbacks. pp. <span class="nowrap">297–</span>304. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780385339032</bdi>.</cite></span>

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</style><div id="Filmmaking283" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">Filmmaking</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="Filmmaking#Development" title="Filmmaking">Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Film_treatment" title="Film treatment">Film treatment</a></li>

<li><a href="Film_producer" title="Film producer">Producer</a>

<ul><li><a href="Scriptment" title="Scriptment">scriptment</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Step_outline" title="Step outline">Step outline</a></li>

<li><a href="Screenplay" title="Screenplay">Screenplay</a>

<ul><li><a href="Screenwriting" title="Screenwriting">process</a></li>

<li><a href="Film_adaptation" title="Film adaptation">film adaptation</a></li>

<li><a href="Option_(filmmaking)" title="Option (filmmaking)">Option</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Film_budgeting" title="Film budgeting">Film budgeting</a></li>

<li><a href="Film_finance" title="Film finance">Film finance</a>

<ul><li><a href="Pitch_(filmmaking)" title="Pitch (filmmaking)">pitch</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Greenlight" title="Greenlight">Greenlight</a></li>

<li><a href="Working_title" title="Working title">Working title</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="Pre-production" title="Pre-production">Pre-production</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Script_breakdown" title="Script breakdown">Script breakdown</a>

<ul><li><a href="Breaking_down_the_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Breaking down the script">process</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Shooting_script" title="Shooting script">Shooting script</a></li>

<li><a href="Storyboard" title="Storyboard">Storyboard</a></li>

<li><a href="Casting_(performing_arts)" title="Casting (performing arts)">Casting</a>

<ul><li><a href="Scenography" title="Scenography">Scenography</a></li>

<li><a href="Rehearsal" title="Rehearsal">Rehearsal</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Production_board" title="Production board">Production board</a></li>

<li><a href="Production_schedule" title="Production schedule">Production schedule</a></li>

<li><a href="Shooting_schedule" title="Shooting schedule">Shooting schedule</a>

<ul><li><a href="One_liner_schedule" title="One liner schedule">one-liner</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">Production</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Cinematic_techniques" title="Cinematic techniques">Cinematic techniques</a></li>

<li><a href="Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">Principal photography</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cinematography" title="Cinematography">Cinematography</a></li>

<li><a href="Videography" title="Videography">Videography</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Daily_call_sheet" title="Daily call sheet">Daily call sheet</a></li>

<li><a href="Dailies" title="Dailies">Dailies (rushes)</a></li>

<li><a href="Sound_stage" title="Sound stage">Sound stage</a></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Daily_reports13" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Daily reports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Film_inventory_report" title="Film inventory report">Film inventory</a></li>

<li><a href="Production_report" title="Production report">Production</a></li>

<li><a href="Daily_production_report" title="Daily production report">Daily production</a></li>

<li><a href="Daily_progress_report" title="Daily progress report">Progress</a></li>

<li><a href="Sound_report" title="Sound report">Sound</a></li>

<li><a href="Daily_editor_log" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily editor log">Editor log</a></li>

<li><a href="Costume_designer" title="Costume designer">Costume designer</a></li>

<li><a href="Make-up_artist" title="Make-up artist">Make-up artist</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="Post-production" title="Post-production">Post-production</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Film_editing" title="Film editing">Film editing</a></li>

<li><a href="Re-recording_(filmmaking)" title="Re-recording (filmmaking)">Re-recording</a></li>

<li><a href="Sync_sound" title="Sync sound">Sync sound</a></li>

<li><a href="Soundtrack" title="Soundtrack">Soundtrack</a></li>

<li><a href="Timecode" title="Timecode">Timecode</a></li>

<li><a href="Film_score" title="Film score">Music</a></li>

<li><a href="Special_effect" title="Special effect">Special effects</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sound_effect" title="Sound effect">sound</a></li>

<li><a href="Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">visual</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Negative_cost" title="Negative cost">Negative cost</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_intermediate" title="Digital intermediate">Digital intermediate</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="Film_distribution" title="Film distribution">Distribution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Film_distributor" title="Film distributor">Film distributor</a>

<li><a href="Art_release" title="Art release">Film release</a>

<li><a href="Limited_theatrical_release" title="Limited theatrical release">limited</a></li>

<li><a href="Delayed_release_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Delayed release (film)">delayed</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Roadshow_theatrical_release" title="Roadshow theatrical release">Roadshow</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_distribution" title="Digital distribution">Digital distribution</a></li>

<li><a href="Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">Streaming media</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Box_office" title="Box office">Box office</a></li>

<li><a href="Guerrilla_filmmaking" title="Guerrilla filmmaking">Guerrilla filmmaking</a></li>

<li><a href="Development_hell" title="Development hell">Development hell</a></li>

<li><a href="Filmography" title="Filmography">Filmography</a></li>

<li><a href="Film_industry" title="Film industry">Film industry</a></li>

<li><a href="Film_rights" title="Film rights">Film rights</a></li>

<li><a href="Turnaround_(filmmaking)" title="Turnaround (filmmaking)">Turnaround</a></li>

<li><a href="First-dollar_gross" title="First-dollar gross">First-dollar gross</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Portal%3AFilm" title="Portal:Film">Film portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-05-09" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Spec_script&oldid=1223009373">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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